The Arab Spring Uprising Essay Example for Free

The Arab Spring Uprising Essay While each country fights for individual basic rights, which are usually area specific, there are a few rights every country is protesting against including government corruption, economic decline, unemployment and abject poverty. Role of Technology Many have speculated on the role of technology and the use of social media in the uprisings of the ‘Arab Spring’, with some going so far as to conjecture the role of technology in the revolutions’ communication and collaboration is unprecedented. West, 2011) The mostly educated and unemployed youth of these countries were at the heart of many of these conflicts and actively used social media sites like Twitter and Facebook to coordinate with fellow protestors in a quick and efficient fashion. (Democratist, 2011) The use of these social networks gave the protestors the ability to share times amp; locations with large groups instantly and allowed them to present a much more organized front than was previously imagined possible. International news sites like Al-Jazeera and Wikileaks provided protestors with the ability to acquire much needed outside news from media not owned by the country’s government and gave protestors the ability to communicate with the world about their trials and triumphs. Internet usage was not always freely allowed by these countries and in the midst of their revolution, President Mubarak’s government cut off internet accessibility throughout most of Egypt for a period of time. Tunisia After what is believed to have been the catalyst for the uprising known as ‘Arab Spring’, Tunisia’s own uprising began in December, 2010 after merchant, Mohamed Bouazizi, caught himself on fire in the middle of Sidi Bouzid to protest police corruption in the country. Not long after that, thousands of civilians began to take to the streets calling for the resignation of then-President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and democratic reform. According to Tunisian government records, approximately 223 people were killed as a direct result of the protests. After 28 days of protests and international media attention, President Ben Ali abdicated his power, fled the country to Saudi Arabia, and his government was removed from power shortly afterward. Since the revolution, the county has had its share of continued protests, held its first semi-democratic elections in over 20 years and has put an interim government into power. Egypt Formed shortly after the Tunisian uprising, Egypt’s own upheaval began on January 25th, 2011 and lasted a full 18 days before wrenching the autocratic President Mubarak and his government from power. During these 18 days, Egypt saw a flood of protests take place around the country and most notably within Cairo’s Tahrir Square; these protests quickly took a turn for the violent with protestors frequently ramping up between Mubarak supporters and the oppositions. Though Mubarak at first refused to step down from the presidency, after international pressure and an escalation of violent protests, he announced on February 10th that he would step down and hand over his presidency to the vice president. In the last year however, protests have continued at the perceived sluggishness of the new governing forces to bring much needed economic and social reforms to the country. Yemen Initially started as a protest over changes to the constitution, corruption and prevalent unemployment, Yemen’s revolution brought with it the ousting of President Saleh. Embattled President Saleh long faced opposition from his inner cabinet from as early as 2009 over governmental corruption, as well as poor social and economic conditions in the country. Protests started on January 27, 2011 and raged for over a year before, after an attempt on his life in June, 2011, President Saleh fled the country and Vice-President al-Hadi took over the governing of Yemen. In February of 2012, Saleh stepped aside and allowed the newly elected President Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi to maintain governance within the country. Amid the recent firings of the deposed President’s inner circle, Ali Abdullah Saleh denounced the revolutions taking place around the Arab world and suggested that peace may not be found easily in Yemen. (Associated Press, 2012) Libya What began as a protest over the conditions for civilian living and corruption, quickly gained steam and formed in a civil bloody war, pitting so-called rebels against those loyal to the current President Qaddafi. After more than 40 years of power, Qaddafi found himself at the helm of a battle for his very Presidency and the nation’s government. Citizens of Libya gained hope from the outcome of Tunisian revolution and six months after the first protests, Colonel Qaddafi was killed by rebel forces; the country was declared liberated from his reign not long after. The revolution in Libya was supported in part by a United States backed coalition which provided air support to the Libyan rebel forces and helped bring an end to the bloodshed and oppression. (The New York Times, 2012) Libya’s fight for independence and liberty, one of the bloodiest in recent memories, has not ended in peace for the Libyan people yet. In 2012, a solid and unifying government has yet to gain control and the country has been broken up into semi-autonomous states with militias governing individual areas. Similar Timing, Different Solutions While there are some similar themes which flow through each revolution, including the timing and as the prevalence of educated, yet unemployed youth protestors, the systems of governments being protested against and the solutions for change vary widely from country to country, as author Lisa Anderson reminds readers in Demystifying the Arab Spring (2011). Since Tunisia’s government, before the revolution, was made up, in large part, by relatives to ousted-President Ben Ali, the country has seen continued unrest as demands for a total change in regime continue and the new government will face virtually starting from scratch in terms of government officials. Egypt, while also carrying a tradition of familial government, in contrast to Tunisia has a powerful military which aided in the circumvention of power from Hosni Mubarak. In direct contrast to Tunisia and Egypt’s relatively smooth transitions from power, Libya became a country at the heart of a civil war with a leader who was determined not to lose power. After Qaddafi’s death, the country’s rebel led coalition has had to begin the process of rebuilding a country torn apart by a bloody war. In the past two year, the world has seen a string of uprisings, dubbed the ‘Arab Spring’, which are really unrelated as a whole and yet contingent upon one another. Without the success of Tunisia’s revolution would Libya, Egypt, or Yemen’s citizens risen up? Personally, I think so. But I also believe the revolutions have fueled one another and the successes and failures of some are felt by the many. While the ‘Arab Spring’ carries on, with countries like Bahrain and Syria still fighting for their freedom and for governmental change, it is easy to see there is a long road of recovery ahead for this region of the world. References Anderson, L. (2011, June).

Population Growth in Perspective Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Pap

Population Growth in Perspective Introduction To anyone even remotely acquainted with the situation, the ever-expanding world population can easily be a cause of grave concern. Indeed, the simple realization that the total world population will most likely be doubling within the next century may seem to imply catastrophe. Considering the strain our current huge population puts on the world, is it not natural to presume that two times our number will spell disaster? While this is the view held by many prominent voices, there also is a less-noticed group of people who contend that the resiliency of the earth and the ingenuity of its people will keep the planet a decent place to live. In this paper, I attempt to critically examine various theories on the size of future population growth and consider what some of the possible results of this growth might be. In the end, I conclude that although there are significant development issues facing the world as a result of the expanding population, the world is probably not headed for ruin. Current Population Awareness The dramatic increases in world population over the last decades have not gone unnoticed. The media frequently covers issues related to population growth and control, making most people aware of at least some of the discussions surrounding world population. Many societal problems such as environmental destruction, the spread of virulent disease, and starvation are forecast as a result of the planet's increasing population. In fact, overpopulation is often perceived as the number one threat to the world because of its wide ranging effects. Here at Goshen, overpopulation is a popular topic for Senior Seminar papers. Virtually every year, at least one person i... ...93 Bailey, Ronald. Ed. The True State of the Planet. Free Press, New York. 1995 Brown, Lester and Kane, Hal. Full House. W.W. Norton and Company, New York. 1994 Cassen, Robert. Population and Development: Old Debates, New Conclusions. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick. 1994 Cohen, Joel. How Many People Can the Earth Support?. W.W. Norton and Company, New York. 1995 Ehrlich, Paul. The Population Bomb. Ballantine Books, New York. 1968 Holland, 1993, as quoted in How Many People Can the Earth Support? Lutz, Wolfgang. The Future of World Population. Population Reference Bureau, June, 1994 Spengler, J.J., as quoted in Population: A Clash of Prophets, ed. Edward Pohlman. Mentor Books, New York, 1973 "That Population Explosion", TIME magazine, January 11, 1960 World-wide web site: Web 1: http://www.carnell.com.overpopulation.html

“I’m nobody! Who are you?” by Emily Dickinson Essay

Never judge a book by its cover. Appearances can greatly deviate from what is hidden on the inside. â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson, â€Å"We wear the mask† by Paul Laurence Dunbar, and â€Å"I’m nobody! Who are you?† by Emily Dickinson each give examples of appearances in contrast to reality. Robinson’s â€Å"Richard Cory† is essentially about a man who is set upon a golden pedestal by others and due to his suppressed sadness, kills himself. â€Å"We wear the mask† by Dunbar shows us society’s use of a â€Å"mask† to hide their sorrow and grief, grinning and smiling when they truly feel overwhelmed with sadness. Dickinson’s â€Å"I’m nobody!† tells of the role of â€Å"somebody† in society as opposed to a â€Å"nobody†, deeming the truth as the latter of the two. In Robinson’s â€Å"Richard Cory,† Dunbar’s â€Å"We wear the mask,† and Dickinson’s â€Å"I’m nobody!† appearance versus reality is exhibited through the usage of poetic language evoking various feelings in the reader. With each authors use of poetic language feelings are stirred and the discrepancies between appearances and reality are clearly expressed. Robinson’s â€Å"Richard Cory† lets us closely examine appearances in contrast with reality. All who knew of Richard Cory held him in reverence; they glorified him and were quite jealous of his lifestyle. â€Å"And he was always quietly arrayed, and he was always human when he talked; but still he fluttered pulses when he said, ‘Good morning,’ and he glittered when he walked†¦. In fine we thought that he was everything to make us wish that we were in his place† gives a perfect example of how highly Richard Cory was thought of by â€Å"the people on the pavement† and how they wished to be of his status. Those who watched Richard Cory every time he went into town might have desired all Cory had and was, but they were deceived by his rejection of the eminence that his fellows would accord him. â€Å"And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, went home and put a bullet through his head,† although it may seem somewhat an ironic and abrupt ending, it suits the theme well, quickly identifying the concept of appearance versus identity. Robinson also shows us appearances versus reality through his use of poetic language. Robinson’s use of imagery, and irony enhances the poem greatly. Robinson uses imagery throughout the course of his poem. â€Å"And he was always quietly arrayed†¦and he glittered when he walked,† Robinson uses visually  stimulating words and phrases to show the magnitude of a man that was Richard Cory. Robinson also makes use of irony in â€Å"Richard Cory,† enabling us to understand the truth of Cory’s existence, that of a sad man, no better than any of those â€Å"on the pavement.† â€Å"And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, went home and put a bullet through his head,† after all that reverence, Richard Cory was in all respects unhappy. This use of poetic language in â€Å"Richard Cory† provokes feelings of grandness and jealousy. When Richard Cory’s fellows looked at him, they saw him as of royalty, of pertaining to that which heavenly or divine; howbeit, they were looking through eyes full of envy. Richard was held in high regards. â€Å"And he was rich – yes, richer than a king – and admirably schooled in every grace,† his ranking alongside Kings gives a sense of how grand a man the townspeople made Cory out to be. People on the street admired Cory from afar; they wished to be him, to walk in his shoes, they coveted his very essence. â€Å"In fine, we thought that he was everything to make us wish that we were in his place. So on we worked, and waited for the light, and went without meat, and cursed the bread†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the extent of their jealousy runs far. However, â€Å"We wear the mask† by Dunbar, in it’s own way, also deals with the same principles of appearance versus reality as did â€Å"Richard Cory.† â€Å"We wear the mask† allows us to delve into the psyche of humanity and explore its apparent need to hide behind a mask. In â€Å"We wear the mask,† the title alone gives us the theme for the entire poem. â€Å"We wear the mask that grins and lies, it hides our cheeks and shades out eyes–This debt we pay to human guile; with thorn and bleeding hearts we smile, and mouth with myriad subtleties,† shows that the mask that is worn hides the true self, instead, a false face is given, one which smiles and does not let the underlying, suppressed sorrows show. Humanity, as seen through the eyes of Dunbar in â€Å"We wear the mask,† is deceiving itself with these masks we wear, this fraudulent life which is lead by all. â€Å"This debt we pay to human guile; with thorn and bleeding hearts we smile, and mouth with myriad subtleties,† though we may be torn apart inside, to the world we are content with life; once again, appearance deviate greatly fro m reality. Moreover, through the use of poetic language, Dunbar also expresses appearance in contrast with  reality. Through the use of an extended metaphor and sensory, Dunbar further allows the exploration of appearances versus reality. â€Å"We wear the mask† tells of a mask which hides the face, which hides the emotions one is feeling, the term â€Å"mask† is used throughout the poem as a metaphor; Dunbar does not write of a mask which is adorned and used for masquerades, rather, he writes of the inherent suppression of emotions for fear of being ostracized from a society which is quick to do so. â€Å"Nay, let them only see us while we wear the mask,† the mask is a necessity in life, it is worn by all. Sensory language in â€Å"We wear the mask† enables the reader to feel the pains and sufferings of the human race. Dunbar’s use of extended metaphor and sensory in â€Å"We wear the mask† elicits pride and empathy in the reader. â€Å"We smile, but O great Christ, our cries to thee from tortured souls arise. We sing, but oh, the clay is vile beneath our feet, and long the mile†¦Ã¢â‚¬  lines such a these enable the reader to empathize with the narrator. The way poetic language was used in â€Å"We wear the mask† evokes feelings of empathy in the reader, as well as pride. Throughout the course of Dunbar’s poem, one cannot help but feel a sense of empathy and pride. Reading this poem, a sense empathy for humanity arises, for the pain we all face day in and day out. â€Å"We smile, but O great Christ, our cries to thee from tortured souls arise,† evokes the feeling of empathy towards the plights of humanity. A sense of pride is also given in the poem with the narrator’s refusal to let others see him without the mask. â€Å"But let the world dream otherwise, we wear the mask!† the narrator voices this statement with pride. In addition, â€Å"I’m nobody!† by Dickinson also faces the idea of discrepancies between appearance and reality. Dickinson’s â€Å"I’m nobody!† explores appearance in contrast with reality. The true face of the reader is being questioned, their identity so to speak. â€Å"I’m nobody! Who are you?† Dickinson suggests, through the persona of a child that the true somebody is, in reality, the nobody. In order to remain in society, one must adopt the views and beliefs of society regardless of your own. â€Å"Are you nobody too? Then there’s a pair of us–don’t tell! They’d  banish us you know,† this shows how people must appear to be the same as the majority, even though in reality, they may be quite different. Dickinson also shows us appearances versus reality through her use of poetic language. Dickinson’s use of similes and satire further enhance the theme of the poem. She compares and contrasts the role of â€Å"somebody† to a frog. â€Å"How dreary to be somebody! How public like a frog†¦ to an admiring bog!† Dickinson’s depiction of â€Å"somebody† is of a self-important and constantly self-promoting person and further shows the false values of a society that approves of people like the frog. Dickinson uses satire to illustrate the follies of mankind in accepting these frog-somebody’s. â€Å"How dreary to be somebody! How public like a frog to tell your name to the livelong June to an admiring bog!† Dickinson’s use of poetic language sound, at times, playful and comical. Dickinson’s use of tone in â€Å"I’m nobody!† is playful and at comical. The child persona she adopts gives the sense of a playful nature in the poem. â€Å"I’m nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody too?† gives the main evidence of its playful tone. At times, Dickinson pokes fun at society, comically pointing out its errors. â€Å"How dreary to be somebody†¦To an admiring bog!† gives a comical, yet true, depiction of society. This poem, like all the rest, expresses appearance in contrast with reality. In Robinson’s â€Å"Richard Cory,† Dunbar’s â€Å"We wear the mask,† and Dickinson’s â€Å"I’m nobody!† appearance versus reality is exhibited through the usage of poetic language evoking various feelings in the reader. Hiding the true self from society is a necessary part of life, everyday it must be worn in order be accepted, and these three poems are exemplary. Appearances are just that, appearances, and nothing more; the true individual is far different from that which we see. Are we all not quick to judge a book by its cover?

The Korean War And The War - 940 Words

The United States has fought in many wars throughout the years. The Korean War took place from 1950-1953. It has also been called the forgotten war, as people do not recognize it like the Second World War, the Vietnam War or the Gulf War. This battle consisted of North Korea, South Korea and the United States. It was fought on sea, land and air. The Korean War was a clash between the Communist forces and the free world. Additionally, â€Å"the Korean War Veterans Memorial is located near the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. (Nurses in the Korean War). This memorial commemorates the sacrifices of the Americans who served in the armed services during this time. It was dedicated on July 27, 1995. This monument is unique†¦show more content†¦My grandfather lived outside in a foxhole for two years. He stated that the winters were extremely cold. Many soldiers were killed or severely injured. There was a lack of food and cold weather gear. Consequently, the draft was enacted when the Korean War began. The response fell short. It was during this time that women were asked to serve their country in time of need. The Army Nurse Corps responded to the call. The Army Nurse Corps is an organization that provides health care for military personnel, their families and also retirees. One of these brave nurses was named Anna Mae Hays. She served in a hospital unit during World War II. Once the war broke out in Korea, she organized the 4th Field Hospital in 1950 and participated in the Inchon Landing. â€Å"This hospital unit cared for more than 25,000 patients during the next ten months, one night receiving 700 wounded men. On June 11, 1970 she became the first woman in military history to attain general officer rank. On March 12, 2013 she was inducted into the U.S. Army Women’s Foundation Hall of Fame† (Nurses in the Korean War). Anna May Hays along with all the other nurses who enlisted put the well being of the wounded abo ve their own safety, whether on the battlefield, in a hospital, or on a ship saving thousands of lives. Service woman faced long days and heavy workloads. To accommodate the large number of casualties, hospitals had to extend their capabilities. â€Å"Without rest and nourishment nurses stayed on duty

Race As A Social Construction - 966 Words

Race is a concept only existing in societies with systems of oppression based on social racism. In chapter eleven: Inequality, they discuss how, â€Å"There is nothing intrinsic about, for example, any racial or ethnic group that makes it distinct from any other; race and ethnicity are dynamic, fluid categories that are socially defined†(Ritzer). The oppression of â€Å"superior† groups demonstrates on â€Å"inferior† groups is one consequence of race as a social construction, which is to have one’s identity reduced to that social marker. Chapter eleven speaks about how hegemony is now the new form of racism that isn’t imperialism. Personally, the experience I have with racism is xenophobia. Especially, in the media and how many people consider Muslims a â€Å"problem† the United States has. The chapter discusses genocide and ethnic cleansing, even though, there hasn’t been any military force in the United States against Muslims there has been harassment and discrimination. Many Muslims are constantly targeted and there is an onslaught of aggression and attacks in the media. Many people try to use laws to show that Muslims are unwanted. Alabama has just passed a constitutional amendment prohibiting foreign laws in their courts. This law is clearly discriminative and targeting Muslims and specifically Sharia law. These attacks are the reason my ethnicity is the only thing many people see. Even though, Muslim is not my race, it is still what many see when they view a brown person from the MiddleShow MoreRelatedRace And Race : The Social Construction Of Race858 Words   |  4 PagesThe race is an indefinite term, which has not been created from science or research, but more so the idea of what it is. Essentially, race is all about perception. One person may separate races based on a certain category of traits while another person uses totally different guidelines to define what races there are. Race has ultimately been created socially, therefor has no biological components until people connect the two terms. This paper examines the connection between society and race whileRead MoreRace As A Social Construction1679 Words   |  7 PagesAlisha Sparks Dr. Stanley POLS 24 November 2015 Race as a Social Construction When we talk about race, what are we really talking about? The issue of race is a complex issue, with socially ambiguous undertones that have plagued our society for decades. Race has been a marker and maker of stereotypes. Race has been used as a justification for injustice. Whether slavery, Japanese internment, or social and economic exclusion, race has given an avenue for those in power to exclude ones deemed ‘other’Read MoreThe Social Construction Of Race1242 Words   |  5 Pagesfoundation for what appears to be the social construction of race. Somewhere along the lines, eugenics became more about isolating certain human characteristics, like skin color, and relegating them to a hierarchy of societal importance (Norrgard, 2008). Race is simply defined as a pattern-based concept that allows for the general public to draw conclusions based on an individual’s geographical location and thereby predetermining their inclusion into a particular social group (Yudel l, et al., 2016) TheRead MoreRace As A Social Construction822 Words   |  4 Pageswhat is race? The term race is difficult to define as a result of the belief that it is â€Å"racist† to talk about race. Although how do we know what race is if we do not discuss it within society. After much thought I defined race as an individual’s background that may be used to describe their ancestor’s demographics as well as their religion. However, today people tend to put more emphasis on race being the color of an individual’s skin. As discussed in class society does not understand what race is,Read MoreThe Social Construction Of Race1743 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Social Construction of Race, Ian F. Haney Lopez defines race as a social construct that is constantly changing its meaning due to the fickle nature of society. Lopez believes that this fickleness stems from a social climate formed by a variety of factors such as human economic interest, current events , and ideology. There are certain racial definitions however, that have remained mostly the same despite efforts to bring attention to the offensiveness and immorality of such discriminatory thinkingRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Race1638 Words   |  7 Pagesstupid immoral, diseased, lazy, incompetent, and dangerous to the white man’s virtue and social order â€Å"(p.181). Blackness have become objectified in public spaces, they are view as a threat on the street of Toronto, surrounding areas and even in the criminal justice system. In fact this negative stereotype of criminalization have put Black males under scrutiny and constant surveillance. The social construction of race by the dominant belief system are still embedded in society that capitalized on minoritiesRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Race2146 Words   |  9 PagesAbadjivor AFAS 304B Professor Machibya 30 March 2015 The Social Construction of Race The underlying characteristic of race concepts is found in its use of phenotypes and physical differences in order to gain an understanding of why there are different people that exist in the world. These differences have been used in understanding the behaviors, intellect, and the value of humans through connecting different characteristics to different classified races. Using phenotypical differences to understand certainRead MoreRace Is A Social Construction1074 Words   |  5 Pagesthe term â€Å"race† should not be used. Scholars and others argue that the term â€Å"race† should not be used because there is no biological basis for the concept of race. Geneticists have determined that code for physical traits (the key distinguishing characteristic for â€Å"race†) are inherited independently of one another. Any attempts there have been to define race based on genes are futile, because there is no set of genes that everyone within the â€Å"race† has. Scholars argue that race is a social constructionRead MoreSocial Construction of Race1867 Words   |  8 PagesThere is perhaps no bigger and more expansive social construction known to man than the construction of race. In earlier times race meant a tie to national origin, Greek race, Roman race, etc. race underwent a big change in meaning to it’s more contemporary form to distinguish biological differences of physical features and skin color (Wiegman 157). Film and television in this century and the twentieth century have aided and perpetuated stereotypes of race. These stereotypes have been most associatedRead MoreSocial Construction of Race1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe Use of Humor to Poke Fun at the Social Construction of Class: Illustrated in the Film The Jerk through Navin Johnson Money does not last forever. All the money in the world can become the reason why people change their personality and behavior. In the film The Jerk by Carl Reiner, a complete moron struggles to make it through life on his own, until a bizarre invention makes him unbelievably a wealthy man. Navin grew up in Mississippi as an adopted son of a black family, but on his birthday

The Theory Of Crime And Deviance - 1248 Words

Human nature is very peculiar and different based on a multitude of reasons ranging from the atmosphere in which they are raised in or even psychological troubles that can affect their day to day living. A child raised with an abrupt childhood and a child raised in a well-educated family are both likely to become future incarcerated individuals due to deviant behavior. Genetics has no role in determining criminality however social interaction with the world and individuals can be a leading factor in a person’s criminogenic nature. Crime within the world is indeed prevalent everywhere and is just as common as it was in the Victorian or Egyptian era. However, to prevent the expansion of a broad and wide topic, this essay will stay microscopic and study the comprehension of Edwin Sutherlands â€Å"Differential Association theory† and Gresham Sykes and David Matza’s â€Å"Techniques of Neutralization†. Various sources and scholarly written articles alongside B arry Cartwright’s text-reader â€Å"Sociological Approach to Crime and Deviance† will be used to support the key responses to specified questions on the main topic. Edwin Sutherland’s â€Å"Differential Association theory† is a historical landmark in criminology. The theory became a vital part in integrating the perspectives of sociology in the study of criminology. The theory of Differential Association created a universal theoretical framework for research and a criteria for evaluating findings. As Akers discussed in his text-reader,Show MoreRelatedThe Conflict Theory Of Crime And Deviance1836 Words   |  8 PagesDeviance is simply thought of as something wrong that is opposed to traditional norms and expectations of society. To be more specific, deviance results from inequality in society. The documentary The House I Live In (2012) pointed out that the term â€Å"The War on Drugs† was born as a symbol of the conflict between the drug cartels and those who are trying to control them. The conflict theory analyzing crime and deviance in terms of the structures of society is the best instrument for explaining theRead MoreAs sess the functionalist theory of crime and deviance1813 Words   |  8 PagesAssess the functionalist view of crime and deviance. [21 marks] This essay will detail the functionalist perspective of crime and deviance. Functionalist theories began to emerge after the industrial revolution in the 18th century. This period was called the enlightenment, and brought about scientific belief as opposed to the feudalist beliefs of religion. Religion no longer had such a powerful impact on peoples’ lives. The aim of sociological theories such as functionalism is to cure social illsRead MoreMarxists theory to the sociological understanding of crime and deviance913 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Assess the contribution of the Marxist theory to the sociological understanding of crime and deviance. (21 marks) Marxism is a macro/structural approach to society, meaning that it looks at the large-scale societal structure for answers about how society works and operates and explores crime and deviance in relation to classes within a capitalist society. Marxists claim that laws do not reflect a value consensus, instead laws and law enforcement benefits the rich (protection of private property)Read MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Crime And Deviance1696 Words   |  7 Pagesand was one of the first to develop and explain a conflict perspective on how society functions, he was a liberal reformist who had more radical views about the origins of crime and deviance. He became popular in the US and UK during the 1970’s. Like many radical criminologists, he developed the perspective of the conflict theory that explained how some social interactions result in to conflict and how individuals engage in conflict daily to gain more social wealth and resources. As some groups haveRead MoreLabelling Theor ies Contribution to the Sociological Understanding of Crime and Deviance1069 Words   |  5 PagesLabelling Theories Contribution to the Sociological Understanding of Crime and Deviance Becker is the main sociologist studying labelling theory on deviance, he argues that social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance. Meaning acts only become deviant when observers perceive it and define it as deviant. An example of this would be the act of nudity, it is accepted in the bedroom between husband and wife or on a nudist campRead More The Usefulness of Sub-Cultural Theories in Understanding Crime and Deviance714 Words   |  3 Pagescultural theories in understanding crime and deviance. The functionalist suggested that understanding deviance lies in the studying it function for society rather than the individual itself. Also consensus is essential for society to function. All functionalist therefore argues that forms of social control are necessary to check deviant and to maintain social order. Merton theory of anomie is based on the ideas of the functionalist. Anomie encourages deviance. MertonRead MoreLabelling Theory in Explaining Crime and Deviance - A2 Sociology729 Words   |  3 Pageselsewhere, assess the usefulness of labelling theory in explaining crime and deviance. (21 marks) Labelling theorists are concerned with how and why certain people and actions come to be labelled as criminal or deviant, and what effects this has on those who are labelled as such. As stated in Item A, labelling theory is focused with how individuals construct society based on their interactions with each other. Becker emphasises the significance of crime being a social construct; an action only becomesRead MoreCompare and contrast two main sociological theories of crime and deviance.1636 Words   |  7 Pagessociological theories of crime and deviance. Deviance and crime are wide-ranging terms used by sociologists to refer to behavior that varies, in some way, from a social norm.  Cultural Norms are societys propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard, ritualistic practices. Essentially the norm is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people.  This essay will evaluate the sociological theories associated with crime and deviance and to compareRead MoreEvaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance1201 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance (40 marks) Synopticity - Crime Deviance sociological theory Marxist explanations of crime and deviance, like their work on other areas like the family and education, rest on an economic and structural analysis of society that sees a class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. This struggle comprises the attempts by the proletariat to free themselves from the domination of the bourgeoisieRead MoreExamine and Assess the Usefulness of One of the Following Theories of Crime and Deviance in Terms of Explaining Crime and the Social Problems in Modern Society2181 Words   |  9 PagesExamine and assess the usefulness of one of the following theories of crime and deviance in terms of explaining crime and the social problems in modern society. A subculture is a cultural subgroup. They are considered opposite from the mainstream culture because of their uniqueness. They form when the mainstream culture fails to meet the needs of a particular group of people. Subculture theories primarily focus on crime and Juvenile delinquency. Theorists believe that if this pattern of offending

Woolworths Accounting & Financial Management- Free Solution

Question: Discuss about the Woolworths for Accounting and Financial Management. Answer: Introduction This study deal with an Australian Listed Company named as Woolworths Limited. This particular retail organization was founded in the year 1924 in Sydney ("Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). CEO of Woolworths Limited, Percy Christmas brought forward the key principles, Every man, woman and child needs a handy place where good things are cheap. Woolworths Limited current business growth plan mainly focus on four key strategic priorities. They majorly extend its leadership in food as well as liquor. They act on portfolio on maximization of shareholder value. They aim at maintaining record of accomplishment for building various new growth businesses in new era of growth in the upcoming financial year ("Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). Woolworths Limited has strong lead towards corporate responsibility as well as excellent progress in achievement in reaching sustainability targets. This particular retail organization continues in driving for posi tive changes for business, society as well as community. Woolworths Limited committed towards continuous transparency as well as improvement and accountability at the same time. Woolworths recruits more than 198300 staff members at stores, distribution centers and support offices. They focus mainly on talent development as well as potential of deserving people at workplace ("Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). In the year 2013, Woolworths employed more than 2790 trainees as well as apprentices. This particular retail organization believes in diverse workforce for retaining in the global marketplace. Evaluating the Woolworths balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement: Figure 1: Depicting the Horizontal analysis of the income statement of Woolworths form, 2014 to 2015 (Source: As created by author) With the help of figure 1, the overall horizontal analysis for the income statement could be effectively analyzed. In addition, the decrease in cost of revenue could be effectively analyzed from figure 1, which is mainly increasing profitability of the company. Moreover, branch expenses and general administrative expenses for the company is have exponentially increased to 3.09% and 8.16%. This increased administrative expense has mainly decreased the overall net profit of the company for 2015. Rasoto et al. (2013) stated that decrease in cost of revenue mainly helps companies to generate a higher gross profit margin, which could be used in maintaining a higher liquidity of the firm. On the other hand, Hrmann Schabert (2015) criticizes that increased administrative expenses might reduce overall net profit of the company and hamper its retained earnings. In addition, the rising administrate expanses of Woolworths from 2014 to 2015 has mainly decreased the ability of the company to mai ntain higher profits. The total profit for 2015 mainly decreased due to the rising administrative expenses conducted by the company during 2015 fiscal year. Figure 2: Depicting the Horizontal analysis of the income statement of Woolworths form, 2014 to 2015 (Source: As created by author) Moreover, with the help of figure 2, the overall horizontal analysis of the income statement, which has been generated by Woolworths from 2014 to 2015, can be effectively evaluated. In addition, the total revenue financing cost and net profits for the company mainly decreased in 2015 in comparison to 2014. The decrease in total revenue mainly indicates the ability of the company to generate adequate demand among potential customers. However, an increase in other income and gross profit of the company mainly indicates the efficiency of the company to reduce its total cost of revenue. Jimenez Ongena (2012) mentioned that evaluation of income statement mainly helps investors to evaluate the financial stability of the company to support its future endeavors. On the contrary, Del Sims (2015) criticizes that some companies use unethical measures in inflating their balance sheet, which might reduce efficiency of horizontal and vertical analysis. Figure 3: Depicting the Horizontal analysis of the Balance sheet statement of Woolworths form, 2014 to 2015 (Source: As created by author) From analysis of the balance sheet statement of Woolworths Company, it was gathered that in comparison to the year 2014, total current assets have increased in the year 2015 by 7.81%. Total current assets of the company have increased by 3.79% in the year 2015 as compared to the year 2014. The balanced sheet statement analysis of Woolworths Company also indicated that total current liabilities increased by 22.42% in the year 2015 in comparison to the year 2014 (Woolworthslimited.com.au, 2016). The graph above depicts that total current liabilities of the company has increased by a great percentage than the components in the balance sheet. From the evaluation of the total stockholders equity in the balance sheet of the company it was gathered that it increased by the percentage of 5.76% in the year 2015 in comparison o the year 2014. However, most of the aspects in Woolworth Companys balance sheet indicated a positive increase. However, from the evaluating of the total non-current lia bilities it was observed that the total non-current liabilities of the company decreased by 17.73% in the year 2015 in contrast to the year 2014 (Woolworthslimited.com.au, 2016). Evaluating the Woolworths key assets, liabilities, equity classes, incomes and expenses: Total Asset analysis of Woolworths considers as everything that a business owns. It is the total of long-term assets owned by particular firm for specified time. Assets are listed in the balance sheet as well as value-based depending upon purchasing prices and current market value. Woolworths Limited is the sum of tangible asset and intangible asset amounting to 24.18 billion (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). This figure is 208.7% higher in comparison with other services sector. It is 89.74% higher in comparison with Grocery Stores industry (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). Total assets of all the stocks involves 63.75% considers higher than the company (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). The liabilities that impact the firms reported position and the financial performance include net repayable debt and other financial liabilities. The net repayable debt includes the borrowing, cash, liabilities and hedge assets. All these decreased from $ 664.3 million to $ 3067.3 million in the year 2015 (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). It has been found that this total amount has been driven by $ 925.4 million of proceeds from the property sale and the investments (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). Detailed analysis has found that primarily the sale of 54 freehold hotel sites took place in the particular year (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). On the other hand, it has been found that the other financial liabilities increased from $ 95.6 million to $ 976.1 million in the year 2015 (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). This increase primarily reflects the movement of the value of the Lowes put option in the Home Improvement business. Equity classes of Woolworths Limited increases at $ 581.7 million to $10834.2 million reflect upon the profits generation from payment of dividends (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). These policies and strategies develop in ensuring measurable progress in making genuine black economic development. Woolworths Limited good business journey aims at setting for perfect plan of action for the next five years. It advances equity ownership and meeting employment equity targets at senior leadership level (Kemp Waybright, 2013). It helps in creating skills pipeline for providing necessary momentum for change for future analysis purpose. This particular empowerment transaction involves all employees based upon equity classes of the company. It has been found from the annual report of the firm that the total income of the firm in the year 2015 was $ 60679.1 million which decreased from the year 2014 i.e. $ 60772.8 million (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). It has also been found that the total earnings of the organization Woolworths Limited have also been decreased from $ 3775.2 million in 2014 to $ 3322.5 million in the year 2015 (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). There are various techniques that are applied to forecast the demand of the human resources within the company Woolworths Limited. These include managerial judgment, Delphi model, ratio trend analysis, work study technique and econometric models. However, for analyzing the demand of the human resources within the organization Woolworths Limited, the managerial judgment technique has been implemented. This particular method helps to understand the requirement of the human resources for the overall organization on the basis of the proposals of the departmental heads and the line managers. As per the annual report of the particular company Woolworths Limited for the year 2015, there are total eight members in the Groups Board of Directors. The members of the Groups Board of Directors are Gordon Cairns, Grant OBrien, Jillian Rosemary Broadben, Christine Cross, Carla Hrdlicka, Allan Douglas Mackay, Scott Redvers Perkins and Michael James Ullmer (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries On line", 2016). The management board of the particular company is consisted of eleven members Grant OBrien, Richard Dammery, David Marr, Brad Banducci, David Guise, Peter McConnell, Matt Stanton, Matt Tyson, Penny Winn, James Goth and Martin Smith (Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016). Therefore, it can be said that the demand forecast of the human resources within the various departments of the organization Woolworths Limited are settled by the companys Board of Directors and management board. The people policy committee of the governance of the company Woolworths Limited is composed of people strategy, performance management and succession planning, remuneration policies, compliance and shareholder reporting (Weaver, 2012). Thus, it can also be said that the Board assists to comply with the regulatory and legal requirements that are associated with the remuneration matters and the human resources. This Top-down approach helps the specified firm Woolworths Limited t o understand and forecast the demand of the human resources within the organization. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that Woolworths has the ability in retaining its position in the upcoming financial year. The above study successfully brings out the financial analysis of Woolworths Limited by conducting horizontal and vertical analysis. The amount is extracted from income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement that needs urgent attention as far as possible. Further, it explains regarding the accounting conventions of managerial judgment involving various financial concepts in relation with Woolworths Limited. In this particular assignment, emphasis was made to clearly bring out the facts underlying increase or decrease of particular figures for the given year 2014 and 2015. Reference Aysun, U., Hepp, R. (2013). Identifying the balance sheet and the lending channels of monetary transmission: A loan-level analysis.Journal of Banking Finance,37(8), 2812-2822. Canales-Krijlenko, M. C., Dabn, T., Garca-Escribano, M., Liedorp, F., Rennhack, R., Romeu, R., ... Vera-Martn, M. (2014). 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